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Modern World History

Historical Thinking and Skills

1. Historical events provide opportunities to examine alternative courses of action.
2. The use of primary and secondary sources of information includes an examination of the credibility of each source.
3. Historians develop theses and use evidence to support or refute positions.
4. Historians analyze cause, effect, sequence, and correlation in historical events, including multiple causation and long- and short-term causal relations.

Age of Enlightenment (1600-1800)

5. The Scientific Revolution impacted religious, political, and cultural institutions by challenging how people viewed the world.
6. Enlightenment thinkers applied reason to discover natural laws guiding human nature in social, political and economic systems and institutions.
7. Enlightenment ideas challenged practices related to religious authority, absolute rule and mercantilism.

Age of Revolutions (1750-1914)

8. Enlightenment ideas on the relationship of the individual and the government influenced the American Revolution, French Revolution and Latin American wars for independence.
9. Industrialization had social, political and economic effects on Western Europe and the world.

Imperialism (1800-1914)

10. Imperial expansion had political, economic and social roots.
11. Imperialism involved land acquisition, extraction of raw materials, spread of Western values and maintenance of political control.
12. The consequences of imperialism were viewed differently by the colonizers and the colonized.

Achievements and Crises (1900-1945)

13. Advances in technology, communication and transportation improved lives, but also had negative consequences.
14. The causes of World War I included militarism, imperialism, nationalism and alliances.
15. The consequences of World War I and the worldwide depression set the stage for the Russian Revolution, the rise of totalitarianism, aggressive Axis expansion and the policy of appeasement which in turn led to World War II.
16. Oppression and discrimination resulted in the Armenian Genocide during World War I and the Holocaust, the state-sponsored mass murder of Jews and other groups, during World War II.
17. World War II devastated most of Europe and Asia, led to the occupation of Eastern Europe and Japan, and began the atomic age.

The Cold War (1945-1991)

18. The United States and the Soviet Union became superpowers and competed for global influence.
19. Treaties and agreements at the end of World War II changed national boundaries and created multinational organizations.
20. Religious diversity, the end of colonial rule, and rising nationalism have led to regional conflicts in the Middle East.
21. Postwar global politics led to the rise of nationalist movements in Africa and Southeast Asia.
22. Political and social struggles have resulted in expanded rights and freedoms for women and indigenous peoples.

Globalization (1991-Present)

23. The break-up of the Soviet Union ended the Cold War and created challenges for its former allies, the former Soviet republics, Europe, the United States and the non-aligned world.
24. Regional and ethnic conflicts in the post-Cold War era have resulted in acts of terrorism, genocide and ethnic cleansing.
25. Political and cultural groups have struggled to achieve self-governance and self-determination.
26. Emerging economic powers and improvements in technology have created a more interdependent global economy.
27. Proliferation of nuclear weapons has created a challenge to world peace.
28. The rapid increase of global population, coupled with an increase in life expectancy and mass migrations have created societal and governmental challenges.
29. Environmental concerns, impacted by population growth and heightened by international competition for the world’s energy supplies, have resulted in a new environmental consciousness and a movement for the sustainability of the world’s resources.