Principles and Standards for School Mathematics

Data Analysis and Probability Standard

Data Analysis and Probability Standard (pre-K - 2)

discuss events related to students' experiences as likely or unlikely.


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Data Analysis and Probability Standard (3 - 5)

propose and justify conclusions and predictions that are based on data and design studies to further investigate the conclusions or predictions.


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Data Analysis and Probability Standard (6 - 8)

use observations about differences between two or more samples to make conjectures about the populations from which the samples were taken;


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make conjectures about possible relationships between two characteristics of a sample on the basis of scatterplots of the data and approximate lines of fit;


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use conjectures to formulate new questions and plan new studies to answer them.


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Data Analysis and Probability Standard (9 - 12)

use simulations to explore the variability of sample statistics from a known population and to construct sampling distributions;


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understand how sample statistics reflect the values of population parameters and use sampling distributions as the basis for informal inference;


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evaluate published reports that are based on data by examining the design of the study, the appropriateness of the data analysis, and the validity of conclusions;


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understand how basic statistical techniques are used to monitor process characteristics in the workplace.


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