Principles and Standards for School Mathematics

Data Analysis and Probability Standard

Data Analysis and Probability Standard (pre-K - 2)

pose questions and gather data about themselves and their surroundings;


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sort and classify objects according to their attributes and organize data about the objects;


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represent data using concrete objects, pictures, and graphs.


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Data Analysis and Probability Standard (3 - 5)

design investigations to address a question and consider how data-collection methods affect the nature of the data set;


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collect data using observations, surveys, and experiments;


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represent data using tables and graphs such as line plots, bar graphs, and line graphs;


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recognize the differences in representing categorical and numerical data.


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Data Analysis and Probability Standard (6 - 8)

formulate questions, design studies, and collect data about a characteristic shared by two populations or different characteristics within one population;


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select, create, and use appropriate graphical representations of data, including histograms, box plots, and scatterplots.


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Data Analysis and Probability Standard (9 - 12)

understand the differences among various kinds of studies and which types of inferences can legitimately be drawn from each;


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know the characteristics of well-designed studies, including the role of randomization in surveys and experiments;


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understand the meaning of measurement data and categorical data, of univariate and bivariate data, and of the term variable;


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understand histograms, parallel box plots, and scatterplots and use them to display data;


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compute basic statistics and understand the distinction between a statistic and a parameter.


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