Ohio Science Academic Content Standards (2002)
Physical Sciences
Benchmarks (6–8)
B.
In simple cases, describe the motion of objects and conceptually describe the effects of forces on an object.
Benchmarks (9–10)
D.
Explain the movement of objects by applying Newton's three laws of motion.
Benchmarks (11–12)
D.
Apply principles of forces and motion to mathematically analyze, describe and predict the net effects on objects or systems.
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 8)
3.
Explain that an unbalanced force acting on an object changes that object's speed and/or direction.
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 9)
21.
Demonstrate that motion is a measurable quantity that depends on the observer's frame of reference and describe the object's motion in terms of position, velocity, acceleration and time.
23.
Explain the change in motion (acceleration) of an object. Demonstrate that the acceleration is proportional to the net force acting on the object and inversely proportional to the mass of the object. (Fnet = ma. Note that weight is the gravitational force on a mass.)
25.
Demonstrate the ways in which frictional forces constrain the motion of objects (e.g., a car traveling around a curve, a block on an inclined plane, a person running, an airplane in flight).
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 12)
5.
Use and apply the laws of motion to analyze, describe and predict the effects of forces on the motions of objects mathematically.
Science and Technology
Benchmarks (6–8)
B.
Design a solution or product taking into account needs and constraints (e.g., cost, time, trade-offs, properties of materials, safety, aesthetics).
Benchmarks (9–10)
A.
Explain the ways in which the processes of technological design respond to the needs of society.
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 7)
4.
Design and build a product or create a solution to a problem given two constraints (e.g., limits of cost and time for design and production, supply of materials and environmental effects).
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 9)
2.
Identify a problem or need, propose designs and choose among alternative solutions for the problem.
National Science Education Standards
Physical Science
Motions and forces (Grades 5 - 8)
Motions and forces (Grades 9 - 12)
Science and Technology
Abilities of technological design (Grades 5 - 8)
Understandings about science and technology (Grades 5 - 8)
Abilities of technological design (Grades 9 - 12)