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Students explore energy transformations and are introduced to the laws of thermodynamics in this series of three lessons. In each lesson students watch a video (available and viewable online) about a different mode of transportation and examine the energy transformations that occur in each.
Students explore energy transformations and are introduced to the laws of thermodynamics in this series of three lessons. In each lesson students watch a video (available and viewable online) about a different mode of transportation and examine the energy transformations that occur in each. In the first lesson students identify various types of energy and trace energy transformations back to the sun. Lesson 2 requires students to diagram the energy transformations involved in moving a ship up and down river through a series of locks. In the third and final lesson students build their own steam engine and apply the principles behind steam power to the transformation of energy and the laws of thermodynamics. Please note that the student handout with instructions for building the steam engine can be downloaded from the first page of the site. The Newton's Apple links can be accessed at the following URLs: Riverboats, http://www.tpt.org/newtons/14/riverboats03.html; Locks and Dams, http://www.tpt.org/newtons/10/lock-dam.html; Car Engines http://www.tpt.org/newtons/15/carengines.html(author/ts)
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| Science Academic Content Standards |
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| Physical Sciences |  |
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| Benchmarks (6 - 8) |
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| D. | Describe that energy takes many forms, some forms represent kinetic energy and some forms represent potential energy; and during energy transformations the total amount of energy remains constant. |
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| Benchmarks (9 - 10) |
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| E. | Demonstrate that energy can be considered to be either kinetic (motion) or potential (stored). |
| F. | Explain how energy may change form or be redistributed but the total quantity of energy is conserved. |
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| Grade Level Indicators (Grade 7) |
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| 2. | Describe how an object can have potential energy due to its position or chemical composition and can have kinetic energy due to its motion. |
| 3. | Identify different forms of energy (e.g., electrical, mechanical, chemical, thermal, nuclear, radiant and acoustic). |
| 4. | Explain how energy can change forms but the total amount of energy remains constant. |
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| Grade Level Indicators (Grade 9) |
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| 13. | Demonstrate that near Earth's surface an object's gravitational potential energy depends upon its weight (mg where m is the object's mass and g is the acceleration due to gravity) and height (h) above a reference surface
(PE=mgh). |
| 15. | Trace the transformations of energy within a system (e.g., chemical to electrical to mechanical) and recognize that energy is conserved. Show that these transformations involve the release of some thermal energy. |
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| Science and Technology |  |
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| Benchmarks (6 - 8) |
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| A. | Give examples of how technological advances, influenced by scientific knowledge, affect the quality of life. |
| B. | Design a solution or product taking into account needs and constraints (e.g., cost, time, trade-offs, properties of materials, safety, aesthetics). |
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| Grade Level Indicators (Grade 6) |
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| 1. | Explain how technology influences the quality of life. |
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| Grade Level Indicators (Grade 8) |
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| 4. | Evaluate the overall effectiveness of a product design or solution. |
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| National Science Education Standards |
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| Physical Science |  |
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| Transfer of energy (Grades 5 - 8) |
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| Energy is a property of many substances and is associated with heat, light, electricity, mechanical motion, sound, nuclei, and the nature of a chemical. Energy is transferred in many ways. |
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| The sun is a major source of energy for changes on the earth's surface. The sun loses energy by emitting light. A tiny fraction of that light reaches the earth, transferring energy from the sun to the earth. The sun's energy arrives as light with a range of wavelengths, consisting of visible light, infrared, and ultraviolet radiation. |
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| Conservation of energy and increase in disorder (Grades 9 - 12) |
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| The total energy of the universe is constant. Energy can be transferred by collisions in chemical and nuclear reactions, by light waves and other radiations, and in many other ways. However, it can never be destroyed. As these transfers occur, the matter involved becomes steadily less ordered. |
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| RESOURCE TYPE |
| Instructional Resource |
| PRACTICE LEVEL |
| Promising Practice |
| STANDARDS ALIGNMENT |
| Grades 6 - 10 |
| TOPICS |
Science -- Physical Science; Nature of Energy; Energy Types/Sources (electricity, heat, light, sound, kinetic/potential, solar, geothermal, wind, etc.) |
| FOUND IN |
| COR |
| KEYWORDS |
thermodynamics; energy transformation; transportation |
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Publisher: Public Broadcasting Service
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