Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts
Grades 6–12
Reading: Informational Text
Grade 8
Craft and Structure
RI.8.4
Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze the impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone, including analogies or allusions to other texts.
Grades 9-10
Craft and Structure
RI.9-10.4
Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone (e.g., how the language of a court opinion differs from that of a newspaper).
Writing
Grade 8
Production and Distribution of Writing
W.8.4
Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. (Grade-specific expectations for writing types are defined in standards 1–3 above.)
W.8.6
Use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing and present the relationships between information and ideas efficiently as well as to interact and collaborate with others.
Grades 9-10
Production and Distribution of Writing
W.9-10.4
Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. (Grade-specific expectations for writing types are defined in standards 1–3 above.)
W.9-10.6
Use technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products, taking advantage of technology’s capacity to link to other information and to display information flexibly and dynamically.
Language
Grade 8
Vocabulary Acquisition and Use
L.8.4
Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words or phrases based on
grade 8 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.
- Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence or paragraph; a word’s position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
- Use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., precede, recede, secede).
- Consult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning or its part of speech.
- Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary).
Grades 9-10
Vocabulary Acquisition and Use
L.9-10.4
Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on
grades 9–10 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.
- Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence, paragraph, or text; a word’s position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
- Identify and correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech (e.g., analyze, analysis, analytical; advocate, advocacy).
- Consult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning, its part of speech, or its etymology.
- Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary).
Ohio English Language Arts Standards (2001)
Reading Applications: Informational, Technical and Persuasive Text Standard
Benchmarks (8–10)
A.
Evaluate how features and characteristics make information accessible and usable and how structures help authors achieve their purposes.
D.
Explain and analyze how an author appeals to an audience and develops an argument or viewpoint in text.
Benchmarks (11–12)
A.
Analyze the features and structures of documents and critique them for their effectiveness.
C.
Critique the effectiveness and validity of arguments in text and whether they achieve the author's purpose.
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 8)
1.
Compare and contrast text features, including format and headers of various informational texts in terms of their structure and purpose.
6.
Identify the author's purpose and intended audience for the text.
7.
Analyze an author's argument, perspective or viewpoint and explain the development of key points.
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 9)
4.
Assess the adequacy, accuracy and appropriateness of an author's details, identifying persuasive techniques (e.g., bandwagon, testimonial, transfer, glittering generalities, emotional word repetition, bait and switch) and examples of propaganda, bias and stereotyping.
6.
Analyze the author's development of key points to support argument or point of view.
7.
Compare and contrast the effectiveness of the features (e.g., format, sequence, headers) used in various consumer documents (e.g., warranties, product information, instructional materials), functional or workplace documents (e.g., job-related materials, memoranda, instructions) and public documents (e.g., speeches or newspaper editorials).
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 10)
7.
Analyze the effectiveness of the features (e.g., format, graphics, sequence, headers) used in various consumer documents (e.g., warranties, product information, instructional materials), functional or workplace documents (e.g., job-related materials, memoranda, instructions) and public documents (e.g., speeches or newspaper editorials).
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 11)
2.
Analyze and critique organizational patterns and techniques including repetition of ideas, appeals to authority, reason and emotion, syntax and word choice that authors use to accomplish their purpose and reach their intended audience.
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 12)
2.
Analyze and critique organizational patterns and techniques including repetition of ideas, appeals to authority, reason and emotion, syntax and word choice that authors use to accomplish their purpose and reach their intended audience.
Writing Applications Standard
Benchmarks (8–10)
E.
Write a persuasive piece that states a clear position, includes relevant information and offers compelling evidence in the form of facts and details.
Benchmarks (11–12)
E.
Use a range of strategies to elaborate and persuade when appropriate, including appeal to logic, use of personal anecdotes, examples, beliefs, expert opinions or cause-effect reasoning.
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 8)
5.
Write persuasive compositions that:
a. establish and develop a controlling idea;
b. support arguments with detailed evidence;
c. exclude irrelevant information; and
d. cite sources of information.
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 9)
5.
Write persuasive compositions that:
a. establish and develop a controlling idea;
b. support arguments with detailed evidence;
c. exclude irrelevant information; and
d. cite sources of information.
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 10)
5.
Write persuasive compositions that:
a. support arguments with detailed evidence;
b. exclude irrelevant information; and
c. cite sources of information.
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 11)
5.
Write persuasive compositions that:
a. articulate a clear position;
b. support assertions using rhetorical devices, including appeals to emotion or logic and personal anecdotes; and
c. develop arguments using a variety of methods (e.g., examples, beliefs, expert opinion, cause-effect reasoning).
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 12)
5.
Write persuasive compositions that:
a. articulate a clear position;
b. support assertions using rhetorical devices, including appeals to emotion or logic and personal anecdotes; and
c. develop arguments using a variety of methods (e.g., examples, beliefs, expert opinion, cause-effect reasoning).
Writing Conventions Standard
Benchmarks (8–10)
A.
Use correct spelling conventions.
B.
Use correct punctuation and capitalization.
C.
Demonstrate understanding of the grammatical conventions of the English language.
Benchmarks (11–12)
A.
Use correct spelling conventions.
B.
Use correct punctuation and capitalization.
C.
Demonstrate understanding of the grammatical conventions of the English language.
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 8)
1.
Use correct spelling conventions.
2.
Use correct punctuation and capitalization.
4.
Use clauses (e.g., main, subordinate) and phrases (e.g., gerund, infinitive, participial).
7.
Maintain the use of appropriate verb tenses.
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 9)
1.
Use correct spelling conventions.
2.
Use correct capitalization and punctuation.
3.
Use clauses (e.g., main, subordinate) and phrases (e.g., gerund, infinitive, participial).
6.
Maintain the use of appropriate verb tenses.
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 10)
1.
Use correct spelling conventions.
2.
Use correct capitalization and punctuation.
3.
Use clauses (e.g., main, subordinate) and phrases (e.g., gerund, infinitive, participial).
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 11)
1.
Use correct spelling conventions.
2.
Use correct capitalization and punctuation.
3.
Use correct grammar (e.g., verb tenses, parallel structure, indefinite and relative pronouns).
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 12)
1.
Use correct spelling conventions.
2.
Use correct capitalization and punctuation.
3.
Use correct grammar (e.g., verb tenses, parallel structure, indefinite and relative pronouns).