Common Core State Standards for Mathematics
High School - Statistics and Probability
Using Probability to Make Decisions
Calculate expected values and use them to solve problems
HSS-MD.A.1
(+) Define a random variable for a quantity of interest by assigning a numerical value to each event in a sample space; graph the corresponding probability distribution using the same graphical displays as for data distributions
HSS-MD.A.2
(+) Calculate the expected value of a random variable; interpret it as the mean of the probability distribution.
HSS-MD.A.3
(+) Develop a probability distribution for a random variable defined for a sample space in which theoretical probabilities can be calculated; find the expected value. For example, find the theoretical probability distribution for the number of correct answers obtained by guessing on all five questions of a multiple-choice test where each question has four choices, and find the expected grade under various grading schemes.
HSS-MD.A.4
(+) Develop a probability distribution for a random variable defined for a sample space in which probabilities are assigned empirically; find the expected value. For example, find a current data distribution on the number of TV sets per household in the United States, and calculate the expected number of sets per household. How many TV sets would you expect to find in 100 randomly selected households?
Ohio Mathematics Academic Content Standards (2001)
Data Analysis and Probability Standard
Benchmarks (8–10)
I.
Design an experiment to test a theoretical probability, and record and explain results.
J.
Compute probabilities of compound events, independent events, and simple dependent events.
K.
Make predictions based on theoretical probabilities and experimental results.
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 8)
11.
Demonstrate an understanding that the probability of either of two disjoint events occurring can be found by adding the probabilities for each and that the probability of one independent event following another can be found by multiplying the probabilities.
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 9)
8.
Describe, create and analyze a sample space and use it to calculate probability.
10.
Use theoretical and experimental probability, including simulations or random numbers, to estimate probabilities and to solve problems dealing with uncertainty; e.g., compound events, independent events, simple dependent events.
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 11)
10.
Understand and use the concept of random variable, and compute and interpret the expected value for a random variable in simple cases.
Grade Level Indicators (Grade 12)
6.
Use theoretical or experimental probability, including simulations, to determine probabilities in real-world problem situations involving uncertainty, such as mutually exclusive events, complementary events and conditional probability.
Principles and Standards for School Mathematics
Data Analysis and Probability Standard
Understand and apply basic concepts of probability
Expectations (9–12)
use simulations to construct empirical probability distributions;
compute and interpret the expected value of random variables in simple cases;
understand the concepts of conditional probability and independent events;
understand how to compute the probability of a compound event.